Executive Summary

A new report published on December 19, 2025, highlights a growing and insidious threat to supply chain security: the exploitation of web-based portals on manufacturer websites. Attackers are systematically targeting forms such as supplier portals, warranty registrations, and Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) forms using automated bots and SQL Injection (SQLi) attacks. These portals, often running on legacy systems, serve as a soft target for stealing credentials, financial records, and intellectual property. The report indicates the problem is widespread, with 85% of surveyed manufacturing firms reporting a security incident related to these forms and 42% confirming a data breach. This makes manufacturers an unwitting pivot point for attackers to compromise their more secure customers in critical sectors like defense and finance.

Threat Overview

Cybercriminals are targeting the manufacturing sector as a weak link in the broader supply chain. Instead of directly attacking well-defended organizations in finance or defense, attackers compromise their less-secure manufacturing suppliers to gain access or steal data that can be used to attack the ultimate target.

The primary attack vector is the exploitation of public-facing web forms and portals on manufacturer websites. These forms are often business-critical but may lack modern security controls.

Targeted Forms:

• Supplier Portals: Used by vendors to submit contracts, credentials, and invoices.
• Warranty Registration Forms: Collect customer data and product information.
• Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) Forms: Contain device details and customer information.

Attack Techniques:

• SQL Injection (T1505): Attackers use automated tools to inject malicious SQL queries into form fields to bypass authentication or exfiltrate data from the underlying database.
• Automated Bot Attacks: Bots are used to stuff credentials, scrape data, or submit malicious payloads at scale.

Technical Analysis

The core of the problem lies in legacy web applications that persist within manufacturing environments. These systems often lack basic security features common in modern applications:

• Lack of Input Validation: The forms do not properly sanitize user-supplied data, allowing attackers to pass malicious SQL commands to the backend database.
• Weak Authentication: Portals may lack multi-factor authentication, making them susceptible to credential stuffing and brute-force attacks.
• Unencrypted Data: The report notes that forms are used to collect highly sensitive data, including authentication credentials (61% of firms), financial records (58%), and government ID numbers (29%), which may not be properly encrypted at rest or in transit.

An attacker can use an automated scanner to identify a vulnerable form on a manufacturer's website. By successfully executing an SQLi attack, they could potentially:

1. Dump the entire customer or supplier database, including credentials (T1530 - Data from Cloud Storage Object).
2. Gain administrative access to the portal itself.
3. Inject malicious code (e.g., a web shell) onto the server for persistent access (T1505.003 - Server-Side Request Forgery).

This stolen data or access can then be used to launch highly targeted phishing campaigns or other attacks against the manufacturer's partners and customers.

Impact Assessment

This attack trend has severe implications for the entire supply chain.

• Supply Chain Compromise: Attackers can steal intellectual property, trade secrets, or sensitive contract details, undermining the competitive advantage of both the manufacturer and its customers.
• Data Breach for Downstream Customers: By compromising a supplier portal, attackers can gain access to the data of all customers who interact with that supplier, leading to a widespread, multi-company data breach.
• Loss of Trust: The manufacturer becomes a toxic link in the supply chain, leading to loss of business and significant reputational damage.
• Regulatory Fines: If the compromised data belongs to citizens of regions with strong data protection laws (e.g., GDPR, CCPA), the manufacturer could face substantial fines.

Detection & Response

• Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy a WAF in front of all web portals to detect and block common attacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS). Reference D3-ITF: Inbound Traffic Filtering.
• Log Analysis: Monitor web server and database logs for signs of SQLi attacks, such as SQL syntax errors, long queries, or queries containing UNION, SELECT, or --. Reference D3-NTA: Network Traffic Analysis.
• Bot Management: Use a bot detection and management solution to identify and block malicious automated traffic targeting web forms.
• File Integrity Monitoring: Monitor web server files for unauthorized changes, which could indicate the presence of a web shell.

Mitigation

1. Modernize Legacy Applications: The long-term solution is to migrate away from insecure legacy portals to modern applications built with security in mind. This includes using frameworks that inherently protect against SQLi.
2. Input Validation and Parameterized Queries: For existing applications, developers must implement strong server-side input validation and use parameterized queries (prepared statements) to interact with the database. This is the most effective defense against SQLi. Reference M1054 - Software Configuration.
3. Secure Authentication: Enforce strong password policies and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) on all supplier and customer portals. Reference M1032 - Multi-factor Authentication.
4. Regular Security Assessments: Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration tests on all public-facing web applications to identify and remediate flaws before attackers can exploit them. Reference M1047 - Audit.
5. Data Minimization: Review all web forms to ensure they only collect the absolute minimum data necessary for the business process. Avoid collecting highly sensitive data like government IDs or financial records via web forms if possible.